Psychiatr News December 7, 2007
Volume 42, Number 23, page 21
© 2007 American Psychiatric Association
Serotonin May Weave Tangled Web Involving Mental Illness, Lifespan
Joan Arehart-Treichel
Could mental health and a long life have a connection? Some evidence
implicating serotonin receptors suggests that this might be the case.
Researchers now believe that they have a handle on some of the biology
underlying the aging process.
For example, the older a person is, the fewer times his or her cells divide
when cultured in the lab. The reason is because the telomeres (DNA-protein
complexes) capping the ends of a cell's chromosomes shorten a bit during each
cell division. Finally the telomeres become so short that the cell cannot
divide any more and dies.
Furthermore, while the e4 variant of the APOE gene is known to be a risk
factor for Alzheimer's, centenarians often carry the e2 variant of this gene,
suggesting that the APOE e2 gene is a longevity gene.
Also, a decrease in serotonin receptors of the 2A variety has been noted in
the aged human brain. And now serotonin receptors of the 1B variety have been
implicated in the aging process as well.
Etienne Sibille, Ph.D., an assistant professor of psychiatry at the
University of Pittsburgh, and colleagues followed 24 mice that lacked the gene
for the 1B receptor and 21 genetically unaltered mice from birth until death.
The mice that lacked the receptor died on average 19 percent earlier than the
other mice did. This was a highly significant difference statistically.
Thus, it looks as if serotonin receptors are involved in normal aging,
Sibille and her group concluded in their study report, which appeared in the
November Molecular Psychiatry.
But do the results obtained in mice also apply to humans?
"Potentially yes," Sibille told Psychiatric News.
"We are testing this now."
Since they found that an absence of the serotonin 1B receptor hastens
aging, Sibille speculated that variants in the serotonin 1B receptor gene may
influence the pace of aging. "We are testing this now," she
said
Serotonin, of course, has been deeply implicated in mental health. For
instance, the serotonin 1A receptors, the serotonin 1B receptors, and the
serotonin transporter have been linked with anxiety, depression, suicide, and
alcoholism. The SSRI antidepressants block the serotonin transporter. So if
serotonin plays such a central role in mental health, it raises the question
of whether its role in mental health meshes with its role in longevitiy.
One possibility, Sibille and her colleagues proposed in their report, is
that "as the serotonin system is the target of chronic pharmacological
interventions for psychiatric.. .diseases, these results raise the possibility
of long-term and/or age-related consequences to serotonin
manipulation...."
Regardless of whether SSRI antidepressant use has any impact on aging, the
interplay between serotonin's influence on mental health and its influence on
aging is likely to be complex, Sibille anticipates.
Some other researchers are also unmasking the interface between serotonin's
impact on mental health and its impact on aging. For instance, Naomi Simon,
M.D., associate director of the Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress
Disorders at Massachusetts General Hospital, and coworkers found that persons
with mood disorders have shorter telomeres than do healthy control subjects
(Psychiatric News, June 1, 2006).
The study was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health.
An abstract of "Lack of Serotonin 1B Receptor Expression Leads
to Age-Related Motor Dysfunction, Early Onset of Brain Molecular Aging, and
Reduced Longevity" is posted at
<www.nature.com/mp/journal/v12/n11/abs/4001990a.html>.
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